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Tuesday, April 20, 2010

Android Application Launch Part 2

There are three distinct phases of process launch :
  1. Process Creation
  2. Binding Application
  3. Launching Activity / Starting Service / Invoking intent receiver ...
Process Creation -

ActivityManagerService creates a new process by invoking startProcessLocked() method which sends arguments to Zygote process over the socket connection. Zygote forks itself and calls ZygoteInit.main() which then instantiates ActivityThread object and finally returns pid of newly created process.
ActivityThread then starts the message loop by calling Looper.prepareLoop() and Looper.loop() subsequently.

The following sequence captures the call sequence in detail -

Application Binding -

The next step is to attach the process to the specific application. This is done by calling bindApplication on the thread object. This method sends BIND_APPLICATION message to the message queue. This message is retrieved by the handler object which then invokes handleMessage() method to trigger the message specific action - handleBindApplication(). This method invokes makeApplication() method which loads app specific classes into memory.

This call sequence is depicted in following figure.

Activity Launch -

After the previous step, the system contains the process responsible for the application with application classes loaded in process's private memory. The call sequence to launch an activity is common between a newly created process and an existing process. The actual process of launching starts in realStartActivity() method which calls sheduleLaunchActivity() on the application thread object. This method sends LAUNCH_ACTIVITY message to the message queue. The message is handled by handleLaunchActivity() method as shown below.
Assuming that user clicks on Video Browser application. the call sequence to launch the activity is as shown in the figure.


The Activity starts its managed lifecycle with onCreate() method call. The activity comes to foreground with onRestart() call and starts interacting with the user with onStart() call.


274 comments:

  1. Good read .. hope to get more understanding from future blogs

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  2. Very informative.. Now it seems I can understand atleast few of the messages on Logcat.
    Btw,have you considered registering your blog with the indiblogger network (as a technology blog maybe)? I am sure the information you post here would benifit a lot of ppl.

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  5. @Zaphod I used Sequence Diagram Editor from http://www.sequencediagrameditor.com/

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  6. This is one of the best post.I like your blog opportunity.I like your blog basic.This is one of the best post.
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  7. I enjoy these 2 great blog posts about Android Application Launch, part 1 & 2. as we know that Android supports multiple activities running in the same process, does this mean that each one of the activities in the process is associated with its own Activity Thread in the process space?

    This means that when ActivityManager launches an activity, it will check if the process in which the launching activity will be running has been spawned, if yes, ActivityManager will no longer forks a new process, instead, it tells the process to create new Activity Thread for the launching activity, and calls its oCreate & onStart.

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Thanks, I hope to write more articles on Android soon, so check back again!
      Yes, what you mentioned about Activity Manager about spawning a new process is correct. But every activity doesn't need to run in its own thread, in fact there is one thread where GUI processing happens and another thread where it calls looper.loop() to listen for messages. Any process comes alive with these two threads by default, the app can then create threads if needed.

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  8. Thanks, Great helped!

    This is the first time to comment in english =)

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  9. When the Linux scheduler will be assigned to the newly created Android process..?
    I want to change the priority of android process to real time priority.

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    1. Hi Vijay, I am not sure if a user level process would be able to make such change.
      I will let you know if I come across a solution.

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  10. Thanks a lot, a very good summary

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  11. Great explanation. I was really looking for this detail and your article is a rescue. I'm a bit more curious about how the activity manager actually loads the application's class in memory. Can you elaborate more on this? Does the application manager look for a specific fs directory to open the class file and read it in or the file path is provided to it by Zygote?

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  14. Radhika, 2 thumbs up for your Part 1 and Part 2. Keep posting. Can you post Android Services launch sequence as similar to this. I think you are the correct person to mimic the same for Android Services. Waiting for your Android Services blog..

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  15. Hi Radhika, Thanks for this Truly informative series. it helped me to understand all phases of process launch thoroughly.
    Actually i want to run my own java process in android device, i am able to run it with dalvikvm (in .dex format) but because it is normal java process it is not able to use some android library(android.security.keystore) APIs even after adding required dependencies(.jar).
    Now i am thinking to launch my process using Zygote because zygote is an incomplete version of an Android process–its memory space contains all the core libraries that are needed by any app, so i wanna try whether it gives access to required libraries for my process.
    Is it possible to do so ? and if yes can you please provide me some info about how can i launch my own process using zygote.

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  16. Hi Radhika. You have mentioned Socket is used by Android. I don't think its actually socket communication, since Socket are not safe. Can you confirm this once.

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  112. Amber north indian restaurant in morrisville nc
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    description :- View menu and reviews for AMBER FLAVORS & TASTE in Morrisville, plus ... Chicken breast marinated in fresh aromatic Indian spices and grilled in a tandoor

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